Building Brains Together Podcast Episode 1

How Play Builds the Brain: Early Experiences and Child Development

Episode Description:

Neuroscience students at the University of Lethbridge, Ivy Ladines and Vezi Ndlovu, introduce how children's brains are shaped by early experiences, relationships and everyday interactions. This episode explores and describes the development of brain networks with childhood and why neuroplasticity makes early life especially important. They also focus on the various social and environmental factors such as prenatal stress, caregiving and neglect which may have a profound impact on development. They also highlight play as a powerful tool that serves to build many cognitive skills such as attention and problem solving as well as improving emotional regulation and social skills.

Three Takeaways from the Episode:

1. The Brain is Built Through Experience. Brain development is not only guided by genetics, but also by what children may experience in their everyday life. Early interactions, relationships, stress levels, sleep, nutrition, and environment all help shape the growth and organization of brain networks.

2. Fostering Supportive and Meaningful Relationships are Essential. Prenatal well-being, responsive caregiving, and consistent emotional support all play a major role in healthy neurodevelopment. Positive and stable environments can strengthen development, while neglect and chronic stress can disrupt it.

3. Play is Essential for The Developing Brain. Play is not just entertainment. It helps children develop attention, self-control, problem-solving, empathy, communication, and emotional regulation. Everyday play experiences help build the foundation for learning, behaviour, and social connection.

References:

Raichle, M. E. (2015). The brain’s default mode network. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 38(1), 433–447. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-neuro-071013-014030

Song, Z., Jiang, Z., Zhang, Z., Wang, Y., Chen, Y., Tang, X., & Li, H. (2024). Evolving brain network dynamics in early childhood: Insights from modular graph metrics. NeuroImage, 297, 120740. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2024.120740

Wei, Q., Zou, J., Ma, X., Xiao, X., Zhang, Y., & Shi, H. (2023). Prospective associations between various prenatal exposures to maternal psychological stress and neurodevelopment in children within 24 months after birth. Journal of Affective Disorders, 327, 101–110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2023.01.103

Zeanah, C. H., Fox, N. A., & Nelson, C. A. (2012). The Bucharest Early Intervention Project. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 200(3), 243–247. https://doi.org/10.1097/nmd.0b013e318247d275

Hashmi, S., Vanderwert, R. E., Price, H. A., & Gerson, S. A. (2020). Exploring the benefits of doll play through neuroscience. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 14, 560176. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2020.560176

Iki, S. (2025). From curiosity to play: re‐evaluating the evolutionary origins of play. Biological Reviews/Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, 100(4), 1467–1483. https://doi.org/10.1111/brv.70009

Cheng, D. P., Tsang, M. C., Law, P., & Tsang, A. K. (2025). The Benefits of Free Play for Children’s Attention: Implications for Teachers’ Pedagogy. Education Sciences, 15(11), 1506. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci15111506

Liu, S., Chow, H. M., Xu, Y., Erkkinen, M. G., Swett, K. E., Eagle, M. W., Rizik- Baer, D. A., & Braun, A. R. (2012). Neural Correlates of Lyrical improvisation: An FMRI Study of Freestyle rap. Scientific Reports, 2(1), 834. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep00834

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